5. Triangle Inequality Theorem Calculator — Theory
The Triangle Inequality Theorem tells us when three lengths can form a triangle.
For side lengths \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\), a (non-degenerate) triangle exists if and only if:
\[
a+b>c,\quad a+c>b,\quad b+c>a.
\]
Valid vs. Degenerate vs. No Triangle
- Valid triangle: all three inequalities are strict (each “>”).
- Degenerate triangle: at least one becomes an equality (approximately),
e.g. \(a+b=c\). Geometrically, the triangle collapses into a straight line, so the area is \(0\).
- No triangle: at least one inequality fails, e.g. \(a+b<c\). The “circles” construction won’t intersect.
Quick Check Using the Largest Side
If you sort the sides so that \(s_1\le s_2\le s_3\), then it’s enough to check:
(If this holds, the other two automatically hold.)
Why the Circle Diagram Works
Place a base segment \(AB\) with length equal to one side. Then draw:
- a circle centered at \(A\) with radius equal to the second side,
- a circle centered at \(B\) with radius equal to the third side.
If the circles intersect in two points, you can choose either intersection as vertex \(C\) → a valid triangle.
If they are tangent (touch in one point), you get a degenerate triangle.
If they do not intersect, no triangle can be formed.
Extra (Optional): Perimeter and Area
If the triangle is valid, the perimeter is \(P=a+b+c\). A common way to compute area from three sides is
Heron’s formula:
\[
s=\frac{a+b+c}{2},\qquad
A=\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}.
\]
Examples
- Invalid: \(6,8,15\) because \(6+8=14<15\).
- Degenerate: \(6,9,15\) because \(6+9=15\) (area \(=0\)).
- Valid: \(5,12,13\) because all sums exceed the remaining side.
Tip: Real measurements often have rounding. That’s why the calculator includes a “degenerate tolerance” option.